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Bibliography

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anonymous exposes racism. ”Anonymous Calls out #BlackLivesMatter for AntiWhite Racism,” YouTube Video, 3:01. May 3, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDXsInz9jz8.

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Burkart, Patrick, and Tom McCourt. “The International Political Economy of the Hack: A Closer Look at Markets for Cybersecurity Software”. Popular Communication 15, no. 1 (2017): 37-54.

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Carmi, Elinor. Media Distortions: Understanding the Power behind Spam, Noise, and Other Deviant Media. New York: Peter Lang, 2019.

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Deseriis, Marco. “Hacktivism: On the Use of Botnets in Cyberattacks”. Theory, Culture & Society 34, no. 4 (2017): 131-52.

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Dourish, Paul. “Protocols, Packets, and Proximity”. In Signal Traffic. Critical Studies of Media Infrastructures, edited by Lisa Parks and Nicole Starosielski. University of Illinois Press, 2015.

Faife, Corin. “The DDoS Vigilantes Trying to Silence Black Lives Matter”. Ars Technica, 14 December 2016. https://arstechnica.com/informationtechnology/2016/12/hack_attacks_on_black_lives_matter/.

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Fordyce, Robbie. “DDoS Attacks as Political Assemblages”. Platform 5, no. 1 (2013): 6- 20.

Geenens, Pascal. “IoT Botnets. The Journey So Far and the Road Ahead”. In Botnets: Architectures, Countermeasures, and Challenges, edited by Georgios Kambourakis, Marios Anagnostopoulos, Weizhi Meng, and Peng Zhou, 33-100. New York: CRC Press, 2020.

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Graff, Garrett M. “How a Dorm Room Minecraft Scam Brought Down the Internet”. Wired, December 13, 2017. https://www.wired.com/story/mirai-botnet-minecraftscam-brought-down-the-internet/.

Graham, Stephen, and Nigel Thrift. “Out of Order: Understanding Repair and Maintenance”. Theory, Culture & Society 24, no. 3 (2007): 1-25.

Hamilton, Amber M. ‘A Genealogy of Critical Race and Digital Studies: Past, Present, and Future’. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 3 (2020): 292-301.

Hansen, Lene, and Helen Nissenbaum. “Digital Disaster, Cyber Security, and the Copenhagen School”. International Studies Quarterly 53, no. 4 (2009): 1155-75

Holmes, David. “The Forrester WaveTM: DDoS Mitigation Solutions, Q1 2021”, 2021. https://www.a10networks.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Forrester-Wave-DDoSMitigation-Solutions-Q1-2021.pdf.

Holt, Jennifer. “Data Troubles: Digital Distribution in the Platform Economy”. On_Culture, no. 8 (2019). http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2020/15092/

Hoon, Kian Son, Kheng Cher Yeo, Sami Azam, Bharanidharan Shunmugam, and Friso De Boer. ‘Critical Review of Machine Learning Approaches to Apply Big Data Analytics in DDoS Forensics’. In 2018 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), 1-5, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCI.2018.8441286.

Jackson, Sarah J., Moya Bailey, and Brooke Foucault Welles. #HashtagActivism: Networks of Race and Gender Justice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020.

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Johnson, Steven. ‘Inside Cloudflare’s Decision to Let an Extremist Stronghold Burn’. Wired, 16 January 2018. https://www.wired.com/story/free-speech-issue-cloudflare/.

Jonker, Mattijs, Alistair King, Johannes Krupp, Christian Rossow, Anna Sperotto, and Alberto Dainotti. “Millions of Targets under Attack: A Macroscopic Characterization of the DoS Ecosystem”. In Proceedings of the 2017 Internet Measurement Conference, 100-113. IMC ’17. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2017.

Jordan, Tim, and Paul Taylor. Hacktivism and Cyberwars: Rebels with a Cause? London, New York: Routledge, 2004.

Karasti, Helena, and Anna-Liisa Syrjänen. “Artful Infrastructuring in Two Cases of Community PD”. In Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Participatory Design: Artful Integration: Interweaving Media, Materials and Practices - Volume 1, 20-30. PDC 04. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2004.

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Klonick, Kate. ‘The Terrifying Power of Internet Censors’. The New York Times, 13 September 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/13/opinion/cloudflare-dailystormer-charlottesville.html.

Kolias, Constantinos, Georgios Kambourakis, Angelos Stavrou, and Jeffrey Voas. “DDoS in the IoT: Mirai and Other Botnets”. Computer 50, no. 7 (2017): 80-84.

Lawhon, Mary, David Nilsson, Jonathan Silver, Henrik Ernstson, and Shuaib Lwasa. ‘Thinking through Heterogeneous Infrastructure Configurations’. Urban Studies 55, no. 4 (2018): 720-32.

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Milan, Stefania. “Hacktivism as a Radical Media Practice”. In The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media, edited by Chris Atton, 550-60. New York: Routledge, 2015.

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Mundt, Marcia, Karen Ross, and Charla M Burnett. ‘Scaling Social Movements Through Social Media: The Case of Black Lives Matter’. Social Media + Society 4, no. 4 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118807911.

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Peters, John Durham. The Marvelous Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press, 2015.

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Ramakrishnan, Kavita, Kathleen O’Reilly, and Jessica Budds. ‘The Temporal Fragility of Infrastructure: Theorizing Decay, Maintenance, and Repair’. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/2514848620979712.

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Sandvig, Christian. “The Internet as the Anti-Television: Distribution Infrastructure as Culture and Power”. In Signal Traffic: Critical Studies of Media Infrastructures, edited by Lisa Parks and Nicole Starosielski, 225-45. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015.

Santanna, José Jair. ”DDoS-as-a-Service: Investigating Booter Websites” (PhD diss., University of Twente, 2017). https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/ddos-as-a-service-investigating-booter-websites.

Sauter, Molly. The Coming Swarm. DDoS Actions, Hacktivism, and Civil Disobedience on the Internet. New York; London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014.

Seberger, John S., and Geoffrey C. Bowker. “Humanistic Infrastructure Studies: Hyper-Functionality and the Experience of the Absurd”. Information, Communication & Society, 2020, https://doi/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1726985

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